Low Island is an island 14 km long and 8 km wide, 23 km southeast of Smith Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The island is located at 63°17′S 62°09′W and is separated from Smith Island by Osmar Strait. Low Island was so named because of its low elevation. Low Island was known to sealers in 1820, and the name Low Island has been established in international usage for 100 years.

Chinstrap Penguins breed at Cape Garry on Low island resulting in 2nd largest Chinstrap Penguin colony on the island, over at 100,000 pairs.

Livingston Island is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.

Livingston Island is situated in West Antarctica 110 km northwest of Cape Roquemaurel on the Antarctic mainland, 809 km south-southeast of Cape Horn in South America, 796 km southeast of the Diego Ramírez Islands (the southernmost land of South America), 1,063 km due south of the Falkland Islands, 1,571 km southwest of South Georgia Islands, and 3,040 km from the South Pole.

The island is part of the South Shetlands archipelago, an islands chain extending 510 km in east-northeast to west-southwest direction, and separated from the nearby Antarctic Peninsula by Bransfield Strait, and from South America by the Drake Passage.

Jacquemart Island, one of the islets surrounding Campbell Island in New Zealand, lies 1 km south of Campbell Island and is the southernmost island of New Zealand.

The name commemorates Captain J. Jacquemart, of the vessel FRWS Vire, that supported the French 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island.

Jacquemart Island consists of a stack with an area of 19 hectares, being about 750 meters in length by 500 meters in width and surrounded by precipitous cliffs at least 30 meters high at their lowest. Its highest point is about 200 meters above sea level. It is an eroded remnant of basaltic lavas originally laid down on a sedimentary base.

Because of its inaccessibility from the sea, the first visit by humans to the island did not take place until 29 December 1980 when a small party of scientists was landed by helicopter on the summit ridge for a 90-minute survey. Subsequent short visits were made in 1984 and 1997.

The South Orkney Islands are a group of islands in the Southern Ocean, about 604 kilometres north-east of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and 844 kilometres south-west of South Georgia Island. They have a total area of about 620 square kilometres. The islands are claimed both by Britain (as part of the British Antarctic Territory since 1962, previously as a Falkland Islands Dependency), and by Argentina as part of Argentine Antarctica. Under the 1959 Antarctic Treaty, sovereignty claims are held in abeyance.

Britain and Argentina both maintain bases on the islands. The Argentine base, Orcadas, established 1904, is sited on Laurie Island. The 11 buildings of the Argentine station house up to 45 people during the summer, and an average of 14 during winter. The British Antarctic Survey base, Signy Research Station, is located on Signy Island and was established in 1947. Initially operated year-round, since 1995/6 the Signy Research Station has been open only from November to April each year (southern hemisphere summer).

Apart from personnel at the bases, there are no permanent inhabitants on the islands.

The South Orkney Islands were discovered in 1821 by two sealers, the American Nathaniel Brown Palmer and the British George Powell. The islands were originally named Powell's Group, with the main island named Coronation Island as it was the year of the coronation of King George IV. In 1823, James Weddell visited the islands, gave the archipelago its present name (after the Orkney Islands in the north of Scotland) and also renamed some of the islands. The South Orkney Islands are located at roughly the same latitude south as the Orkney Islands are north (60°S vs 59°N), although it is not known if this was a factor behind the naming of the islands. Similarly the South Shetland Islands, discovered in 1819 by William Smith, are roughly the same latitude south as the Shetland Islands are north (62°S vs 60°N).

Subsequently, the South Orkney Islands were frequently visited by sealers and whalers, but no thorough survey was done until the expedition of William Speirs Bruce on the Scotia in 1903, which overwintered at Laurie Island. Bruce surveyed the islands, reverted some of Weddell's name changes, and established a meteorological station, which was sold to the Argentine Government upon his departure in 1904. This base, renamed Orcadas in 1951, is still in operation today and is thus the oldest research station continuously staffed in the Antarctic.